TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF LABOR AS A FACTOR IN THE SUSTAINABILITY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES

Lidia S. ARKHIPOVA

PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of National and Regional Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

lidia.arkhipova@mail.ru

Abstract

One of the factors influencing the sustainability of economic processes is the level of labor force territorial differentiation across the country. In locations with high employment rate among the working-age population, as a rule, the indicators of economic efficiency and sustainability are high. The outflow of labor, in its turn, contributes to a shortage of personnel, a reduction in production and an influx of migrants. Therefore, despite the replaceability of the labor force by robotics and digital technologies, for Russia with its vast space, studying the consequences of interregional inequality can identify strategic areas for economic development. Thus, the purpose of the research is to assess the degree of inter-regional inequality in the provision of the country’s regions with labor as one of the economic sustainability factors. The study of territorial inequalities in the economic space promotes the understanding of the importance of the strategic tasks in economic development of a complex, subordinate and multicomponent regional system of the Russian Federation. The processes of territorial inequality are greatly influenced by the migration flows, expressed in the outflow of the population mainly from the eastern regions. Significant migrations are common among rural migrants from the Far Eastern, Siberian and Urals Federal Districts. Therefore, the main influx of migrants is characteristic of the Central, North-Western and Southern districts. The contribution of the present research to economic science consists in justifying the prioritized support and development of the territories that are losing population and, accordingly, labor force.

Keywords: region (RF subject), territorial differentiation, labor force, development factors.

JEL classification: R23, J610

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PATTERNS OF MAINLY TOURISM SECTORS AT LOCAL LEVEL BY EMPLOYEE’S CHARACTERISTICS USING GIS MULTIVARIATE CLUSTERING ANALYSIS – ROMANIA CASE STUDY

Cristina LINCARU

Dr, FeRSA, Department of Labour Market, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6596-1820

cristina.lincaru@yahoo.de

Speranța PÎRCIOG

Dr, Scientific Director, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0215-038X

pirciog@incsmps.ro

Draga ATANASIU

Senior Researcher, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9695-8592

incsmps1@incsmps.ro

Cristina STROE

Senior Researcher, Department of Social Policies, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8384-6084

cristinaradu@incsmps.ro

Vasilica CIUCĂ

Dr, Dr, General Director, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4687-6377

silviaciuca@incsmps.ro

Adriana GRIGORESCU

Dr., Department of Public Management, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration,  Correspondent Member of Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4212-6974

adrianagrigorescu11@gmail.com

Abstract

The tourism sector, before the Corona Strikes, works as a inclusive development engine for many countries’ economies and labour markets. In a global world, with increasing travel opportunities, tourism offers both labours intensive and knowledge-intensive activities, across many economic sectors. Tourism is a spatially dependent sector and also a tradable one. The Methodology for tourism statistics (Eurostat 2014),  Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA 2010) and The International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 (IRTS 2008) differentiate the “mainly tourism” industries at four digits. We identify the natural cluster by number and pattern, at 3189 local spatial units (NUTS 5) by eight attribute variable employees: gender (male, female), age (youth, adult and aged) and education detained level (low, medium and high). Sectors are detailed at two digits only (H51- Air transport, I55 – Hotels and other accommodation facilities and N79-Activities of tourist agencies and tour operators; other reservation services and tourist assistance). Romanian National Institute of Statistics provides 2011 Census data. We apply the Multivariate Clustering Analysis with K Means algorithm as a Spatial Statistical Tool in Arc Gis Pro 2.3, an unsupervised machine learning an Artificial Intelligence technique, appropriate for Big Data. Clusters resulted illustrates natural hidden patterns of local labour markets pooling in the sense of Urban& Jacobian economies, but also some insight regarding the Morettian externalities sources. These results are useful for Regions Smart Specialisation Strategies development of human resources & talents to increase innovation capabilities and inclusive job creation, but also for a prompt recovery post-Covid Pandemic.

Keywords: tourism, labour force characteristics, Multivariate Clustering Analysis, local labour markets, regional specialisation, education level, age and gender analysis

JEL classification: J210, C38, R23

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CHANGES IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: SCENARIOS OF COUNTER-URBANIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS

Evgenia ANASTASIOU

Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Thessaly

evanastasiou@uth.gr

Abstract

The last decade economic developments affected to a large extend the demographic structure of Greece. The period 2001-2011 is characterized by a net slowdown of the intense urbanization trend, while in the context of crisis there have been identified counter-urban trends, revealing new attractiveness zones in the rural areas. These indications of mobility do not concern entirely the countryside as the newcomers settle only in specific rural spatial units. At the same time these areas have specific features that facilitate the establishment of a new population, such as population dynamics, tourism development, agricultural activity, services and structures, reduction of geographical isolation, low cost of living and habitation. The future of internal migration in Greece heavily depends on existing trends as well as future economic, social and political developments. Though, the lack of official data for the period after 2011 constrains our understanding for the development of internal migration and particularly counter-urban trends in Greece. The present paper raises the issue of the prospects of the establishment of the Greek population in the countryside, taking into account the pull factors of rural areas. Through Foresight and Strategic Thinking Methods, a longer-term framework is being developed to reflect the potential strategic choices of the internal migrants. This approach is based on a mainly qualitative analysis, scenario planning, in order to present the prerequisites for the further development of such a type of mobility.

Keywords: foresight, scenario planning, internal migration, population, countryside

JEL classification: J1, J6, J11, R23

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